The Estonian language belongs to the Baltic-Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric family, it is the official language of Estonia and the European Union. The Old Estonian language was formed by the 12th-13th centuries as a result of the rapprochement of two or three dialects, which began to separate from other Baltic-Finnish dialects. The oldest known texts in Estonian date back to the 1520s. The creation of a modern literary Estonian language dates back to the 19th century.
Most Estonian words are of Finno-Ugric origin, but there are also borrowings from the German and Baltic languages. Examples of Russisms: aken - window, jaam (from yam) - station, station, kiiver (from the shako) - helmet, helmet, lusikas - spoon, niit - thread, nädal - week, pagan (pogan) - pagan, swine, raamat (from reading and writing) - a book, rist - a cross, sirp - a sickle, a turg (from an ancient Russian bull) - a market, varblane - a sparrow, värav - gate, värten - spindle, reel.
Estonian: first words
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Greetings, common expressions | |
| Hello | Tare |
| Good morning | Tere hommikut |
| Good afternoon | Tere pyaevast |
| Good evening | Tereh yhtust |
| Goodbye | Haad aega / Nyagemist |
| Tzau | |
| How are you doing ? | Куйдас лямеб |
| Спасибо, хорошо | Tyanan, хясти |
| Спасибо | Тянан / Айтян |
| Sorry | Вабандаге |
| Да | Ях |
| No | Hey |
| Please | Palun |
| I do not speak Estonian | Ma eyraagi eesti kaelt |
| What is your name? | Kuydas he theye them? |
| My name is ... | Mine them he ... |
| Does anybody here speak Russian? | Kas keegi sine riagib veene kaelt? |
| I do not understand you | Ma ei caa teist aru |
Numbers and numbers | |
| Zero | Null |
| One | YUKS |
| Two | Kaks |
| Three | Colm |
| Four | Nelly |
| Five | Weiss |
| Six | Kuus |
| Seven | Seits |
| Eight | Cachex |
| Nine | Jõheksa |
| Ten | Kümme |
| Twenty | Kakskummend |
| Twenty-one | Kakskummendy uks |
| Twenty-two | Kakskummend as |
| Thirty | Kolmkyumend |
| Forty | Неликюмменд |
| Fifty | Viiskmumend |
| Sixty | Kuuskymmend |
| Seventy | Seyetsekummend |
| Eighty | Kaheksakummend |
| Ninetyy | Yuheksakummend |
| Hundred | Sada |
| Tysiach | Tukhat |
Hotels | |
| Where is the state tinitsa / cinema / casino? | Cusseyn lehheduses he wants / cinema / casino? |
| Could you write me the address? | Kas kirutaksite mullah aadressi? |
| Do you accept credit cards? | Cas klaytikkaardigi? |
| How much breakfast is served? | Mis Kellast serveraritaksa hommikusyok? |
| I would like to settle | Ma soovixin arveldada |
| I will pay in cash | Ma maxan sularahas / sulas |
For the good of the matter | |
| I like you | Those meeldite mullah |
| Beauty | Kaunitary |
| Handsome | Ken |
| Let's meet again? | Kokhtume veel? |
| Can I kiss you? | Kas tohib sind suedelda? |
| I love you | Ma'mastan sin |
| Let's stay friends? | Yaeme sypradex |
| And to you! | Ah sind |
| I really like your capital Tallinn! | Mulle vyaga meeldin thee pealinn Riga! |
| The fool himself. You think, confused | Isell. Мытлекс вайд, аяс саззи / эксис |
| I do not know how apple cider, and you have a very tasty beer | Hey teid kuidas kunusidder he, kuidulu he teil vyaga maitsev |
| Estonian girls are very beautiful! | Ээсти тюдрукуд он ваэга кенад! |
| Yes, dear, I'm telling you this | I'm ya armas, maregain sulle |
| From Riga to Jurmala I have not seen a girl better than you | Tallinast Pärnuni hey ole nyynud turdukut sellist kuy sina |
| How about a stroll to a nude beach? | Kuidas olex kui yalutaks nudistide rannas? |
| And I was not rude at all, I did not know that you were around the corner | Mae an olnud ebavi sakas, ma ey teadnud, et nurga taga seyasute |
| Advise a night club in Tallinn | Soovitage Tallinnas eoklubi |
Stores | |
| How much does it cost? | Kui finger sue maksab? |
| I'll buy it | Ma ostan selle |
| Can you write a price? | Kas Vyksiite kirutada hinnah? |
| Can you lower the price? | Kas excite hinda alandada? |
| I would like to buy ... | Ma sooviksin ost ... |
Transportation | |
| How much does the ticket cost ...? | Kui finger maksab pilet ...? |
| Two tickets to ... please | Cax piletet ..., palune |
| How do I get to ...? | Kuydas ma yyaxin ...? |
| Please show on the map | Palun nyaydake caardil |
| Where can I buy a ticket? | Shrub ma saxin remains pileti? |
| Can I walk? | Kas ma vyyksin minna yalgsi? |
| I'm lost | Maeksinsin |
Thank you for your help in preparing Phrasebook Thomas Dick.