Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) is considered the genius of decadence and the pioneer of New Music. In 2010, the 150th anniversary of the birth will be celebrated, and in 2011 the 100th anniversary of the death of the famous composer, who led the Vienna opera for ten years.

Gustav Mahler was familiar with Vienna from a young age. Arriving from Bohemi in the "imperial capital-residence", a highly gifted 15-year-old boy from 1875 studied composition and piano playing at the "Friends of Music" Conservatory and graduated with a diploma in 1878. After several years of travel, in 1897 Gustav Mahler received the desired appointment to the famous Vienna Opera House. First, he served as a conductor, and a little later Emperor Franz Josef I appointed him "artistic director" of the court opera.

In the 1900s, Vienna was the cultural center of Central Europe, the capital of an extensive 15-nation empire, home to 51 million people . This was the time of the so-called "Vienna Modern" (approximately from 1890 to 1910), during which the cultural and spiritual life of the city in architecture, music, literature and painting experienced a unique flourishing; it was the time of writers gathered in coffee shops, the time of the Vienna Secession and elegant salons . The rapid development of decadence meant a new era for court opera . Under the leadership of Mahler from 1897 to 1907, the Vienna Opera experienced an intense artistic flowering and transformed .

Mahler's compositional activities, on the contrary, were quoted abroad higher than in Vienna . Frequent concert tours of the opera director caused considerable criticism and resulted in sharp press campaigns . Finally, in 1907 Mahler announced his resignation and accepted the offer of the Opera Theater "Metropolitan", to work as a conductor in New York . In addition, in the same year he had to withstand personal blows of fate . His oldest daughter Maria, a common child with his wife Alma, died of diphtheria, and himself he learned about his heart disease . Follow up Gustav Mahler spent two years traveling between the two continents . on May 18, 1911 he died in Vienna . His grave is in the Grazing cemetery, as well as the grave of his daughter and his wife Alma .

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