Zaraysk is a city on the river Osetr, 160 kilometers southeast of Moscow. Due to the lack of major highways and rail links, Zaraysk is usually not included in tourist routes, and, I must say, in vain. Despite some desolation and abandonment, the city where Evpatiy Kolovrat gathered his squads, where the liberation movement Dmitry Pozharsky started, and where the German offensive was stopped during the Second World War, remembers and carefully keeps many of the pages of his glorious history.
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How to get to Zaraysk
The bus No. 330 departs from the metro station. Vykhino with an interval of about an hour, from 07.30 to 20.30, daily. Estimated travel time is 2, 5 hours (taking into account the traffic jams takes longer). Zaraysk bus station is located directly near the Kremlin.
An alternative route is by train from the Kazan station to Golutvin station (2, 5 hours), from 45 minutes by bus to Zaraysk.
By car - along the highway M5 (Novo-Ryazanskoye highway) to Lukhovits, then follow the directions to the right.
A paragraph of history
Away from the major highways and roads, almost two hundred kilometers from Moscow, on the picturesque right bank of the river Osetr stands the ancient city of Zaraysk. Now a small regional center, and once a powerful fortress, reflecting the raids of steppe hordes. Despite the difficult historical fate, Zaraysk has preserved for us many monuments of glorious past times, and most importantly its face. The city is mentioned in chronicles under different names, mostly associated with the name of the river on which it is located - either Sturgeon or hailstorm. It is possible that the city was destroyed during one of the steppes' raids on Rus. The following chronicle mention dates back to 1225, when the miraculous image of Nicholas the Miracle-Worker was transferred to Krasny (the old name of the future Zaraysk) from Korsun (now Chersonese). The first known prince of the city was Ryazan prince Fyodor Yuryevich, who erected fortifications in the city. The hordes of Batu, who destroyed everything on their way, did not spare Red, the city was destroyed and burned in 1237.
For a long time the city is not mentioned in any source, and only in the 14th century it appears again under the name of Novgorod-on-Osutra. In the 16th century the city was annexed to Moscow, a stone Kremlin was being built here, and instead of a wooden church of St. Nicholas, a stone church was laid. The new powerful fortress throughout the 16th century more than once reflected the siege and raids of the enemy. In 1550, on the orders of Ivan IV, the Church of St. John the Baptist was built here. At that time the city was called Zaraysk-on-Osotra.
The voivode of the city from 1610 to 1611 was the famous prince Dmitry Pozharsky. Whence, having put things in order, he advanced with his detachment of militia to liberate Moscow. The name Zaraysk finally strengthened outside the city in the 17th century. And in 1669, not far from the city, the first Russian ship "Eagle" was launched. Zaraysk loses its defensive importance and becomes a major center of crafts and trade. In the early 19th century, Zaraysk became the center of the bakery (the city is still famous for its agriculture), and later the footwear, leather and textile industries appear here.
Climate of Zaraysk
| Average monthly temperature, ° C | ||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | sen | Oct | but I | Dec | |
| in the afternoon | -6 | -4 | +1@@ | +10 | +18 | +21 | +23 | +21 | +15 | +8 | +1@@ | -3 |
| at night | -12 | -eleven | -5 | +1@@ | +7 | +11 | +13 | +12 | +7 | +2 | -3 | -8 |
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Restaurants
In the immediate vicinity of the Kremlin there are cafes "Izba" and "Sturgeon" (Karl Marx street). In the building of the former club of the factory "Krasny Vostok" (Privokzalnaya st., 1.) There is an entertainment complex with the same name, where there is a restaurant, bar and billiards, and on Friday and Saturday also a disco.
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Entertainment, excursions and sightseeing Zaraysk
Zaraisk Kremlin
The Kremlin, once reflecting the raids of the enemy, seems to be able to fulfill its mission successfully - this is the only surviving fortress fortress of the Moscow region, it is also the most compact.
On the territory of the Kremlin there is Zaraiskaya parking - an archaeological monument of the Paleolithic epoch, and a monument of world significance. During the excavations various objects of everyday life of primitive people were found here: for example, a hoe from a mammoth tusk, a necklace of fox teeth, various figurines and other no less amazing things. Therefore, although Zaraysk is mentioned in chronicles for the first time only in 1146, the first settlers appeared in these places much earlier.
Temples of Zaraysk
Inside the Kremlin there are two cathedrals - John the Baptist (the beginning of the 20th century) and the St. Nicholas Cathedral (the 17th century), in which the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas is kept. The only church that did not close in the Soviet era was the Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin on Komsomolskaya Street. Many of the temples of the city suffered the sad fate of destruction, as reported by commemorative stele.
Legends of Zaraisk
The miraculous icon of St. Nicholas was for a long time in the temple of the apostle James, in Korsun (modern Chersonese). The priest of the church three times appeared in a dream of St. Nicholas, commanding the icon to be carried to the Ryazan land. On the spot where in 1225 the special prince Fyodor Yuryevich took the Korsun icon, a holy spring called White Well was hammered. The source, like the icon, has survived to this day.
On the Great Field, between the ancient villages of Nikolo-kobylskoye and Kitaevo, there is a place known as the Tomb of the Knight, where according to legend Yevpatiy Kolovrat is buried.
Museums
The historical, architectural, art and archaeological museum "Zaraisk Kremlin" keeps collections of paintings, sculptures, applied arts and household items: furniture, dishes, clothes of townspeople. Open daily, from 9.00 to 18.00 (except Monday and the last day of each month).
The complex also includes the Kremlin itself, a parking lot and two other museums:
- Museum-Estate Dostoevsky in the village Darovoe (12 km south-west of the city). In Darovoe spent his childhood and adolescence, Fyodor Mikhailovich, to this day only a part of the wing, where a small exhibition is located, has survived.
- The house-museum of the sculptor A. S. Golubkina (38, Dzerzhinsky St.).
Photo of Zaraysk (13)