For the first time Moscow is mentioned in 1147 as the possession of the Suzdal prince Yury Dolgoruky .From the second half of the 13th to ., Moscow became the center of the Moscow principality, from the 14th century - the residence of Russian metropolitans, and from the end of the 16th century - the patriarchs .By the end of the 15th at .and before the beginning of 18 in .it becomes the capital of the newly created unified Russian state .Since then, Moscow - one of the largest cities in Europe, an outstanding center of the all-Russian culture, science, art .Here, Russian book printing was started, the first Russian theater was created, the first Russian university was established, the first Russian newspaper was published .

After the February bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1917, Moscow along with Petrograd (then Leningrad, then St. Petersburg) became the most important center for the preparation of the Great October Socialist Revolution. The victory of the October Revolution in Petrograd, and then in Moscow, marked the beginning of a new stage in the history of the city. Since 1918, Moscow once again became the capital - first the RSFSR, and then the USSR.

Remains of white-stone Moscow

Chamber of Boyars of the Romanovs

Poklonnaya Hill

At the beginning of the Second World War (1941-1942), the fascists were defeated near Moscow, and in August 1945 the Victory Parade was held on Red Square. In 1980, Moscow hosted the Olympic Games.

In 1991, democratic forces came to power. In the same year, the USSR collapsed.

Despite the rapid growth and huge changes in appearance, Moscow retained its traditional, inherent only to it one feature - a radial-circular layout, formed in the late 16th century, a specific landscape of the city with its hilly terrain and steep bends of the Moscow River, green Arrays that separate city blocks, a combination of wide thoroughfares and avenues with quiet lanes and boulevards of the old city.