Japanese (日本語, nihongo) - language spoken by about 125 million people . Thanks to the many isolated islands, there are more than a dozen dialects in the country . They differ in both vocabulary, morphology, and pronunciation . Among the common dialects are Kansai-ben (関 西 弁), Tohoku-ben (東北 弁) and Kanto-ben (関 東 弁), the dialect of Tokyo and the surrounding areas . Those who speak different dialects often do not understand each other (although every Japanese knows the standard Japanese language) . Based on the Tokyo dialect was formed "The common language" (共通 語 kyutsugo) .
Foreigners studying the Japanese language should not forget about the differences between the male and female forms of speech.
The convenient word "house" in Japanese means a whole scattering of actions or emotions , for example: hello, thank you, good, long time no see, I'm sorry and so on. On the contrary, the word "iy desu" can introduce into an embarrassing situation. Despite the fact that it is translated as "good", means - "thank you, do not." In the case of consent, it is necessary to say "itadakimasu", the same word is pronounced, sitting at the table.
Greetings, general expressions | |
| Good morning | Ohayo: godajusas |
| Good evening | Kombanwa |
| Good night | Oyasumi nasai |
| Hello, how are you? | A konitiva, o-ganki des ka? |
| Thank you, everything is fine | Ganki des |
| Goodbye! | Say: nara |
| Excuse me, please | Sumisanen |
| My name is ... | Watasi v ... des |
| Nice to meet you. My name is Kimura. I ask you to love and to please | Hadzimemasite. Watasi wa Kimura desu. To: zo-yorosiku |
| Thank you | Arigato |
| I want to change money | O-kane-o-ryo: gae si-tae des |
| I do not understand | Vakarimasen |
| You understand, English? | Anata va eiggo ha vakarimasu ka? |
| I'm not very comfortable ... | Tetto zugo: ha varuin desu ga ... |
| Are you Mr. Tanaka? Yes. I'm Tanaka | Anata va Tanaka-san des ka? Hi. with: des. Vatasi va Tanaka desu |
| Hello, is this Mr. Tanaka's apartment? | Mosimosi. Tanaka-san but o-taku des ka? |
| No. I'm not Japanese | Iye, vatasi va nihondzin jia freismen |
| I'm Russian | Vatasi vs rosiadzin deshes |
| Yes | Hi |
| No | Iyo |
Figures and numbers | |
| Null | |
| dzero | One |
| iti chitotsu | Two |
| no futatsu | Three |
| san mizu | Four |
| syetsu | Five |
| go itutsu | Six |
| rock muzu | Seven |
| city nanatsu | Eight |
| hati jatzu | Nine |
| kokontsu | Ten |
judo: then
| Further, in the score to dozens of "jo" is added the corresponding number indicating the units ... | eleven |
| judo: -and | twelve |
| judo: -no | thirteen |
| judo: -san | |
| fourteen | judo: -ci |
| fifteen | judo: -th |
sixteen
| judo: -rock | ... and that further. To denote the tens of 20 and beyond, on the contrary, dozens of "jiu" should be added to the units ... |
| twenty | ni-ju |
| thirty | san-ju |
| forty | si-ju |
| eighty | hachi-juu |
| ninety | kei-juu |
hundred
hyaku | |
| Next, the numbers are formed according to the same model: that is, 100 units are joined to the hayaku, and then dozens and units | For the good of the case |
| Show, please | Missete kusai |
| Stop at night | Tomara |
| I can not believe it! | Shinziraaranay |
| Wow! | Sugo-oh-oh !! |
| I want to buy ... | ... about kaitai |
| I want to eat ... | ... about tabletai |
| I want to go to ... | ... neither iitai |
| Here's how! Look at you! (it is said very often) | And sooo! Soo! Sooka! |
| It's scratched! | Kayuy! From here you can see Mount Fuji? |
| Fujisan, ha miemasu ka? | Excuse me. Where is the embassy? |
| Sumisian, taisikan wa doko deshes ka? | How should I eat sushi? |
| O-sushi wa up to: yatte tabamasu ka? | In this park on the lawn you can not eat |
| Kono ko: en wa sibafu but at the de-banto: ha taberramasen | Do I need to take off my shoes? |
| Kutzu about the Nugong Deshes ka? | Do you know that this morning there was an earthquake? How, really? |
Kesa dzisin ha atta no about sita masu ka? Eh, honto: dasu ka? | |
| Cafes and shops | How much does it cost? |
| Koray wa-ohikura des ka? Can I pay by credit card? | Couraditto: before de Haratte moi des ka? |
| When will things be ready for dry cleaning? | Kuri: ningu waitsu dekimasu ka? |
| These Japanese watches? | Sono toai ni nihoncei des ka? |
| Two coffee, please | Ko: hi: futatsu o-negai simasu |
| No. I'm already full. Thanks for the treat | Iie. Mo: Ippay desu. Gotiso: herself deshita |
| Is this cake tasty? No. Not very tasty | Sono kei: ki wa osii desus ka? Iee. amari oisiku nai dessu |
| Oh, how delicious! | Aa, oisikatta! |
Swearing in Japanese | |
| Damn, hell, bummer | Simatta, simeimasita |
| Get the hell out of here! | Shinjimae! |
| Fool | Baka |
| Damaged girl from a wealthy family | Odzosama |
| Two-faced, all-peppering person | Happo Bidzin |