Almost 29 stormy centuries, ups and downs, destruction and new brilliant urban planning, internecine strife and flourishing of arts, confrontation and unity of religion and secularism - all this is the history of Rome, the Eternal City, the capital of Italy, Europe and the entire Catholic world, a unique city on Palatine Hill , founded by a pair of twins bred by a she-wolf . To understand thoroughly the vicissitudes of events falling to the lot of Rome, it is possible, probably, only to historians and enthusiastic fans . However, in order to taste and understand the matter it is useful to have a general idea of Roman destiny (which for most newcomers to Rome comes down to Romulus, Remus and their four-footed adoptive mother) . For a better understanding of the history of the city, we recommend to sort out the events into three large groups: Rome ancient, medieval and new .
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Ancient Rome
As everywhere in Europe, on the site of Rome there were ancient settlements dating back to the Iron Age, whose origin was facilitated by the proximity of the river and the low hills that are convenient for building dwellings. . In the year 753th to . e ., according to legends, Romulus bases Rome in the course of children's play: puts stones in a line and declares that it is his city . Remus, who thoughtlessly decided to contradict Romulus, was not bothered: according to legend, the raucous "founder" killed in place ro brother . At the crossroads of trade routes the new city quickly expanded and became rich and soon turned into the capital of the surrounding lands - the Kingdom of Rome with Etruscan kings headed by . As usual in prosperous states, rulers behaved more and more debauched (there were seven , counting Romulus), until finally fed up with the Roman people, and he did not drive them home, setting in 510 g . before . e . Roman Republic . The increase in land and capital continued, and four centuries Rome became the capital of the Roman Empire - the nearest t One thousand years of the largest, most influential and wealthy city of the Western world . In addition, under the first Christian emperor Constantine in Rome, two of the current four great basilicas are laid - St. Peter's Basilica and St. Paul's Basilica . Rome becomes the center of Christianity .
Medieval Rome
At 4 in . Roman Empire and its capital fell under the onslaught of the Vandals tribes . Most of the buildings are destroyed, antique statues and art objects, morality and law do not represent aliens have absolutely no value . Rome plunges into the darkness .Against the background of a general decline, however, the power of the Pope is growing, which actually subjugates the city and surrounding provinces .The future Vatican is growing stronger, new cathedrals and churches are being built - and soon Rome becomes a stronghold of the formally spiritual, but in fact very secular power .With the emergence of the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century, the city flourishes: it was at this time that Michelangelo and Rafael were creating, churches, bridges and palaces were being built, a new building of St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel .
| Coliseum |
| Palatin |
| The form invented by da Vinci |
New Rome
Toward the close of the 18th century, during the Franco-Prussian War, Rome was occupied by French troops and again, as two thousand years before, the Roman Republic was proclaimed .Several times from the Pope demand that renunciation of power, then return to the holy walls .This continues until 1870, when Rome finally occupied the troops of the Italian kingdom and from now on it becomes the capital of Italy .The city starts active and often feverish construction activity: new hills are being built, wide convenient streets are being designed, and the Tiber is framed by stone embankments .After the First World War, Rome became the mainstay of Italian fascism: its population is growing rapidly, and the architecture becomes utilitarian and homogeneous .In 1929, the state of the Vatican officially appeared on its territory .The Second World War, fortunately, does not affect the monuments of the city, and in 1944 Rome is liberated by Allied troops .Since then, he leads a peaceful life, being one of the most visited cities of the planet .